A survey of techniques for reducing interference in real-time applications on multicore platforms

This survey reviews the scientific literature on techniques for reducing interference in real-time multicore systems, focusing on the approaches proposed between 2015 and 2020. It also presents proposals that use interference reduction techniques without considering the predictability issue. The survey highlights interference sources and categorizes proposals from the perspective of the shared resource. It covers techniques for reducing contentions in main memory, cache memory, a memory bus, and the integration of interference effects into schedulability analysis. Every section contains an overview of each proposal and an assessment of its advantages and disadvantages.This work was supported in part by the Comunidad de Madrid Government "Nuevas Técnicas de Desarrollo de Software de Tiempo Real Embarcado Para Plataformas. MPSoC de Próxima Generación" under Grant IND2019/TIC-17261

Short-Term Hurricane Impacts on a Neotropical Community of Marked Birds and Implications for Early-Stage Community Resilience

Populations in fragmented ecosystems risk extirpation through natural disasters, which must be endured rather than avoided. Managing communities for resilience is thus critical, but details are sketchy about the capacity for resilience and its associated properties in vertebrate communities. We studied short-term resilience in a community of individually marked birds, following this community through the catastrophic destruction of its forest habitat by Hurricane Iris in Belize, Central America. We sampled for 58 d immediately before the storm, 28 d beginning 11 d after Hurricane Iris, and for 69 d approximately one year later. Our data showed that the initial capacity for resilience was strong. Many banded individuals remained after the storm, although lower post-hurricane recapture rates revealed increased turnover among individuals. Changes occurred in community dynamics and in abundances among species and guilds. Survivors and immigrants both were critical components of resilience, but in a heterogeneous, species-specific manner. Delayed effects, including higher fat storage and increased species losses, were evident one year later

Failing to Make Ends Meet: The Broad Clinical Spectrum of DNA Ligase IV Deficiency. Case Series and Review of the Literature

DNA repair defects are inborn errors of immunity that result in increased apoptosis and oncogenesis. DNA Ligase 4-deficient patients suffer from a wide range of clinical manifestations since early in life, including: microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, growth failure, developmental delay, mental retardation; hip dysplasia, and other skeletal malformations; as well as a severe combined immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and progressive bone marrow failure; or, they may present later in life with hematological neoplasias that respond catastrophically to chemo- and radiotherapy; or, they could be asymptomatic. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and genetic features of five Mexican patients with LIG4 deficiency, together with a review of 36 other patients available in PubMed Medline. Four out of five of our patients are dead from lymphoma or bone marrow failure, with severe infection and massive bleeding; the fifth patient is asymptomatic despite a persistent CD4+ lymphopenia. Most patients reported in the literature are microcephalic females with growth failure, sinopulmonary infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, very low B-cells, and radiosensitivity; while bone marrow failure and malignancy may develop at a later age. Dysmorphic facial features, congenital hip dysplasia, chronic liver disease, gradual pancytopenia, lymphoma or leukemia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal bleeding have been reported as well. Most mutations are compound heterozygous, and all of them are hypomorphic, with two common truncating mutations accounting for the majority of patients. Stem-cell transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning regimes may be curative

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Revisión sistemática de publicaciones referidas a programas de intervención de psicopatía

This work had as its main objective to systematically revise scientific articles about intervention programs of psychopathy published from 2000 to 2011. This is a descriptive research, and to carry it out, several articles which fulfilled certain inclusion criteria were found. Next, the information from each article was organized in bibliometric cards to finally analyze the results. It was concluded that there are few publications on intervention programs of psychopathy and they are not correctly structured. It is considered that in the future it is possible to develop and implement intensive programs covering the different existing contexts and types of psychopathy that facilitate an early detection of this disorder, which is a factor that influences favorably this process.Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal revisar sistemáticamente artículos científicos referidos a programas de intervención de psicopatía publicados desde 2000 hasta 2011, la investigación realizada es de carácter descriptivo,  y para llevarla a cabo se realizó la búsqueda de diferentes artículos que cumplieron con determinados criterios de inclusión. Seguidamente, se procedió a organizar la información de cada artículo en fichas bibliométricas y finalmente analizar los resultados. Se concluyó que existen escasas publicaciones respecto a los programas de intervención de psicopatía y los hallados no se encuentran estructurados correctamente. Se considera que a futuro se pueden desarrollar e implementar programas que sean intensivos y abarquen los diferentes contextos y tipos de psicopatías existentes, así como facilitar la detección temprana de estos trastornos, factor que influye favorablemente en el proceso de intervención

A Comprehensive Survey on the Use of Hypervisors in Safety-Critical Systems

Virtualization has become one of the main tools for making efficient use of the resources offered by multicore embedded platforms. In recent years, even sectors such as space, aviation, and automotive, traditionally wary of adopting this type of technology due to the impact it could have on the safety of their systems, have been forced to introduce it into their day-to-day work, as their applications are becoming increasingly complex and demanding. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research work that uses or considers the use of a hypervisor as the basis for building a virtualized safety-critical embedded system. Once the hypervisors developed or adapted for this type of system have been identified, an exhaustive qualitative comparison is made between them. an exhaustive qualitative comparison is made between them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that all this information is collected in a single article. Therefore, the main contribution of this article is that it collects and categorizes the information of each hypervisor and compares them with each other, so that this article can be used as a starting point for future researchers in this area, who will be able to quickly check which hypervisor is best suited to their research needs

Pica behavior in patients with chronic end-stage kidney disease: Behavioral, psychosocial and clinical variables associated / Conducta de pica en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal: Variables conductuales, psicosociales y clínicas asociadas

 AbstractPica behavior (PB) is defined as the persistent intake of non-nutritive substances, which has been identified in various chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of PB among patients with chronic end-stage kidney disease (CESKD), to identify the main substances ingested, as well as associated behavioral, psychosocial and clinical variables. A total of 100 adult patients (Mage = 43.9, SD = 15.8), men and women, under hemodialysis, completed an evaluation that included questions on the functional analysis of behavior. Of the total participants, 58% presented PB. The main food substances ingested were: ice (37%), grains of sugar or salt (11%), and wheat flour (10%); of the non-food substances highlighted: stones or partition (7%), bicarbonate or magnesia (6%), and mud (5%). The main situations associated with PB were inactivity (27%) and anxiety (10%); as consequences highlighted the feeling of well-being (36%) and decreased anxiety (10%). Patients with PB were characterized by their lower age and perception of social support, as well as greater anxiety. The results of this study support the development of specific forms of intervention for the management of PB in patients with CESKD.ResumenLa conducta de pica (CP) se define como la ingesta persistente de sustancias no nutritivas, la cual se ha identificado en presencia de diversos padecimientos crónicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la presencia de la CP entre pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT), identificar las principales sustancias ingeridas, así como variables conductuales, psicosociales y clínicas asociadas. Participaron 100 pacientes adultos (Medad = 43.9, DE = 15.8), hombres y mujeres, bajo hemodiálisis, quienes completaron una batería de evaluación que incluyó preguntas dirigidas al análisis funcional de la conducta. De los participantes, 58% presentó CP. Las principales sustancias alimenticias ingeridas fueron: hielo (37%), granos de azúcar o sal (11%), y harina (10%); de entre las no alimenticias destacaron: piedras o tabique (7%), bicarbonato o magnesia (6%) y barro (5%). Las principales situaciones asociadas a la CP fueron la inactividad (27%) y la ansiedad (10%); en tanto consecuencias destacaron la sensación de bienestar (36%) y disminución de ansiedad (10%). Los pacientes con CP se caracterizaron por presentar menor edad y percepción de apoyo social, así como mayor ansiedad. Los resultados de este estudio abonan al desarrollo de formas de intervención específicas para el manejo de la CP en pacientes con ERCT

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a historical cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus during a 10-year period

Objective: Data on the frequency of cardiovascular disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus from low- and middle-income countries is scarce. Methods: We performed an observational study based on data from a historical cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Colombia during a 10-year follow-up to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their behavior according to CD4 count. Results: One thousand patients were initially included, out of which 390 had a 10-year follow-up. The mean age was 34 (standard deviation 10) years, and 90% were male. We observed an increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia (29%–52%, p  < 0.001) and obesity (1.1%–3.5%, p  < 0.001). Major cardiovascular events occurred in less than 1% of patients. Patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 had a higher frequency of acute myocardial infarction and obesity. Conclusion: Over time, people living with human immunodeficiency virus present with an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly those with a lower CD4 count